Descartes vs. Spinoza on Substance - 2307 Words

Throughout the history of metaphysics the question, What is? has always been answered in an incomplete,unsatisfactory or complicated manner, but Spinoza tried to answer this question in an exceptional way simply by describing God and His essence. Based on Spinoza’s views, God’s qualities can be referred to as attributes and modes are merely affections of a substance. This paper will provide a detailed view of Spinoza’s key ontological definition of God as the only substance, his attributes, and their co-relations. The study goes further to explore the major scholarly argument between Spinoza and Descartes, in regard to their view of substance, and its attributes. Descartes and Spinoza appear to hold different perceptions in regard to†¦show more content†¦In simpler terms an attribute constitutes the essence of the substance.(3)Descartes holds that there happens to be only one substance that is believed not to depend on anything else, whatsoever, and that thing is God. For all other substances depend on God to survive. Both philosophers agree that God is the only infinite substance that does not depend on anything else. Spinoza sees God as the only infinite substance with several substances while Descartes indicates that God is the substance, in which we comprehend to be completely ideal, and fully independent. He also illustrates God as the substance that we conceive to be absolutely without any defect in its perfection. The two philosophers, however, had some differences in regard to the number of substances and their attributes. In spite of the fact that Descartes’ definition presents God as absolutely faultless; this presentation does not see him as more of a substance than every other finite substance. Descartes does not show God as the only substance, but he holds that there are other finite substances. Accordingly, the term ‘substance’ is not applied universally to God but as well as, to all other creatures. While some created things need only the normal concord of God to exist (in that case substances), others can only exist with the help of other created things. Such things are referred to, as per Descartes, attributes of substances. According to Spinoza, the assumption ofShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 Pagesradical way of thinking began in the 17th century, with John Locke often regarded as the â€Å"father of British empiricism† after writing the 1690 Essay Concerning Human Understanding and within this thesis arguing directly against philosophers such as Descartes and particularly opposing views on innate ideas and how a person comes to conclusions of concepts and whether ideas are born into the mind from birth or not. Locke’s views were certainly not universally accepted but did help the rise of British empiricismRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages6 (2005), pp. 1185–1203; and S. E. Scullen, M. K. Mount, and T. A. Judge, â€Å"Evidence of the Construct Validity of Developmental Ratings of Managerial Performance,† Journal of Applied Psychology 88, no. 1 (2003), pp. 50–66. 9. F. Luthans, â€Å"Successful vs. Effective Real Managers,† Academy of Management Executive (May 1988), pp. 127–132; and F. Luthans, R. M. Hodgetts, and S. A. Rosenkrantz, Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988). See also F. Shipper and J. Davy, â€Å"A Model and Investigation of

Analysis Of A P By John Updike - 1324 Words

Michael Ferrer Ms. Harris English 1102 8 November 2015 2015 Unavoidable Conflict Sammy is a local cashier in a grocery store called AP who resents the local town and disagrees with the local populous. A strong willed teenager who is more than aware of himself tries to get a firm footing in the town. When this backfires Sammy becomes drastic and hastily makes a decision to try to fix all of the issues. To capture this idea in AP by John Updike, it illustrates the struggles of a young teenage male, where his beliefs are against that of the town. [A universal idea] Sammy lives in a town that is not adequate for his form of lifestyle which. The biggest building is the food store that he works at and the local church. Because of the lack of activities in the town Sammy thinks that the townspeople would go to the local beach. With the beach being only five miles away, Sammy thinks that it would be a popular pastime, but that is far from the truth because â€Å"there s people in this town haven t seen the ocean for twenty years† (322). The idea that the townspeople are content staying at home instead of going to a beach shows Sammy that they are stuck in a daily routine where nothing can be out of place. Breaking out of the norm is too farfetched for even his coworker Stokesie, who has no issues continuing the life that the town expects. At the age of twenty-two â€Å"Stokesie s married, with two babies chalked up on his fuselage already† (321). Sammy is nineteen, and he feels as ifShow MoreRelatedJohn Updike aP Analysis1508 Words   |  7 PagesHanks Aamp;P- In John Updikes Aamp;P, choices and consequences are portrayed as a fundamental and recurring theme throughout the story. Many can understand the idea of repercussions for specific decisions and actions, which makes this story very relatable to most audiences. The story encompasses numerous ideologies paramount to human development and philosophy. Dismantling the story can help depict underlain meanings and asses the ambiguous nature of humanity. The construct of Aamp;P portraysRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike731 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"AP†, John Updike uses compelling diction, language, and description to enhance the perspective of Sammy within the story and his final decision to quit his job. The use of imagery within the supermarket develops the environment Sammy worked in to a greater extent and painted diverse pictures of the customers. The derogatory descriptions of Lengel and some customers was also significant in terms of revealing Sammy’s emotio ns about his job at AP. The nature of the situation with the girls andRead MoreA P John Updike Analysis856 Words   |  4 PagesIn John Updike’s â€Å"A P†, he expresses the life of a young boy names Sammy, who works in a small food mart named A P. It’s a coming of age story that deals with puberty taking over the better of Sammy and trying to come out the hero when in reality he comes out looking like a fool. There is also one other detail that cause inner and outer conflicts with Sammy that lead to life lessons and the realization that not everyone is happy where they’re at in life, but if you work hard enough, anythingRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The sheep pushing against the carts down the aisle - the girls were walking against the traffic - were pretty hilarious† (Updike AP). The title of this story is AP, written by John Updike. The main characters shown in this story are Sammy, The Three Girls, Lengel, and Stokesie. Here’s a brief summary, â€Å"Three girls walk into AP wearing bikinis. Sammy’s constantly looks at â€Å"Queenie†, the group leader. Stokesie joins in as Sammy watches the girls go aisle after aisle. As the girls reach to theRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike1560 Words   |  7 PagesJalen Johnson Ms. Mahaffey Eng 102 10/15/17 Feminism in AP In the story â€Å"AP† by John Updike he tries to portray the conventional lifestyle and tendency of his community. The story â€Å"AP† proves how feminism was a large part of the conservative lifestyle and is still present today. AP helps you visualize how sexism could be happening right under our noses. The story is told through the main character Sammy, who is an ordinary teenager in the small town. Sammy makes a courageous effort to fight feminismRead MoreAnalysis of AP by John Updike533 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"AP† (supermarket) is a short story written by the hardworking and highly productive John Updike and narrated in first person by a 19-year-old protagonist and cashier named Sammy. It was published in 1961 and is about Sammy’s change of character and coming of age. Updike uses the various shifts in tone, great attention to detail, and a great deal of symbolism to portray the significant change. The opening sentence â€Å" In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits† (par.1) sets up the colloquialRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike895 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suits† (Updike 1). With the previous quote, would one believe that the storyline is set in a grocery store? In John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† Sammy is the main character. The entire narrative happens through his eyes. Having three out of the ordinary girls walk into the A P mystified Sammy as well as the other men in the store. The tale follows the girls around while they shop and until they leave. It carefully describes what aisles the girls pass throughRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P 1804 Words   |  8 Pagesit’s seemingly infallibility. Most young people feel invincible, but really it is their naivety and inability to understand the harsh concept of reality that enables this behavior. While a common theme in l iterature, John Updike gives the tale of youth a consumerist spin in â€Å"AP†. Updike tells the story of Sammy the cashier, who see’s himself as superior to those around him and believes he will turn out nothing like the adults he’s surrounded with. He seems to get his chance to be great when some beautifulRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P1293 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is viewed by his readers as a progressive voice in his work that promotes feminist issues. He makes these issues stand out more evidently, rather than hidden, in order for the reader to realize how women are viewed in society. From reading Updike’s AP, the story sends the message to readers of genders working together to strive for equality. If readers do not carefully and actively read AP they may miss key messages about the power men hold over women, not just in society but in literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P2577 Words   |  11 Pagescome together and dec lare allegiance to a similar core of beliefs. And, when they do, they ask a particular set of question about a literary work. Each different way of analyzing a literary work elicits a different set of questions. AP, a short story by John Updike, would best be analyzed by using the school of New Criticism and analyzing the journey Sammy, the narrator, experiences throughout the story. The school of New Criticism believes that the work’s overall meaning depends solely on the text

Information Privacy Security TJX Data Breach Crisis and Lessons Free Essays

Introduction Protecting the privacy of consumer personal information continues to pose significant challenges for organisations. The complexity is aggravated by consumers’ vulnerability that comes about when they are unable to control the usage of personal information they share with business organisations. Given the importance of information privacy, there has been a host of privacy research focusing on the organisational decisions regarding the use and reuse of consumer personal information (Schwartz, 2009; Greenaway and Chan, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Information Privacy Security: TJX Data Breach Crisis and Lessons or any similar topic only for you Order Now Culnan et al (2008) observes that the emerging decentralisation of technology environment has posed additional privacy challenge: data breaches. Currently, it is only the United States that requires organisations to give formal notice in the event of data breach (Morley, 2014). European Union and its member countries are yet to establish any legal requirements for organisations to notify consumers of any data breach, thereby leaving such eventuality at the fate of an organisation’s management. Without any notification laws, data breaches remain private and under the discretion of the affected organization. Therefore, this paper focuses on one of the most prominent data security breaches that the world has ever witnessed: TJX data privacy breach crisis, in the context of, ethical principles and theories, legal, professional and social issues. . The Information Privacy Concept According to Xu et al. (2008), the concept of information privacy is multidimensional in nature and is largely dependent on the context as well as personal experiences. Although others see information privacy as full of definition ambiguity (Schwartz, 2009), others have defined consumer personal information as being made up of data generated when consumers conduct transactions. The problems of privacy often emerge from how this consumer information is stored, analysed, used, or shared (FTC, 2008). Information on how to address problems related to privacy management is limited due to minimal research in the area, particularly those issues dealing with management responsibilities on social issues. For example, there is limited research on how organisations should deal with consumers’ personal identifiable information, the role of managers in the protecting the consumer data and the moral duty of every party involved in the handling or accessing consumer data. Overview of TJX Data Breach TJX is a US-based off-price retailer operating over 2,400 stores in various countries and regions including US, Puerto Rico, Canada, and Europe. In the network of stores, the retailer collects and store customer information that would authorize purchases via payment cards, personal cheques , and processing of merchandise returned without a receipt. This violated the legal requirement that prohibits any business from retaining sensitive consumer card information, including the magnetic strips on credit cards (Smedinghoff and Hamady, 2008). In addition, the breach exposed TJX’s failure to observe basic ethical and professional principles. The revelation emerged when in 2007 TJX issued a press release stating that criminals had intruded their data system and stolen over 45 million consumers’ card information within a period of 18 months (FTC, 2008). Although the TJX filed Form 8-K disclosure statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by the law, the company was widely held to be at fault for the breach. The company was accused of breaching the law by storing unencrypted sensitive consumer information, for their failure to limit unauthorised access to the massive data via their wireless network, and the inability to establish adequate security measures within its networks among other issues (FTC, 2008). The Legal and social Issues in the TJX Data Breach The current global data protection guideline is based on the Fair Information Practices (FIPs), which deal with individual rights and organisational responsibilities with regard to management of consumer data (Morley, 2014). In other words, how responsibly the data is used is a pointer to the social expectations with regards to consumer data use. FIPs attempts to put a certain level of balance between the competing business and individual interests in terms of legitimate use of personal information, which serves as the foundation for privacy laws and industry-specific regulatory programmes. In this respect, FIPs lays the foundation for organisations on how to be socially responsible in dealing with privacy issues. On the other hand, the adoption of these guidelines lays the foundations for evaluation by the external audiences on an organisation’s degree of responsiveness (Allen, 2011). There is a general consensus that responsible data management practice is paramount in every organisation (Morley, 2014). However, there is no consensus about how the implementation of individual principles should be carried out. Schwartz (2009, p.1) observes that in most parts of the world, â€Å"fair information practices are implemented through omnibus laws.† Curiously, the United States has no comprehensive laws that compel organisations to observe fair information practice, but instead developed sectoral laws and regulations to consumer privacy protection with laws being enacted in response to issues arising from specific industries. The challenge that comes with this approach is that there is uneven practice in terms of operations and implementations. Moreover, the TJX issue exposed some glaring weaknesses in the implementation of FIP laws and regulations based on the principles of notice, choice, access, security, and sanctions for noncompliance (Culnan, et al., 2008). The effectiveness of data privacy management for organisations that collect, store, and use consumer personal data is curtailed by other issues including unclear law or policy, varied jurisdictions, and differences in data type. The challenge may be further aggravated by conflicting regional or state laws (Allen, 2011). The breaches in the TJX case involved unauthorised access to consumer personal information, which resulted in a variety of risks towards consumer personal information. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement within the statutory laws and regulations that every organisation should ensure there is duty of care with regards to information they collect and store based on consumer’s vulnerability and the actual possibility of harm (Allen, 2011). Allen (2011) observes that although organisations that comply with government regulations are considered legitimate, and readily accepted by their external environment, including partners, this milestone is not easily achievable given the above challenges. For example, the term ‘reasonable procedure’ as stated in most sectoral data protection regulations does not specify what is actually ‘reasonable’, which may vary depending on the nature and size of the organisation, the types of information it captures and stores, the security equipments and tools in the possession of the organisation, and the nature of risk at display. There has been criticism in regards to the prevailing laws and regulations because they are seen as reactive and outdated at the time when they are enacted (Morley, 2014). The other complaint is that most of privacy violation issues are only detected after the damage is done, thus doing little to reverse the loss on the affected consumers. The Moral Issues and Responsibilities Information ethics is based on the collection, use, and management of information (Morley, 2014). As technology becomes increasingly complex, it is evident that ethical problems related to these developments continue to increase. However, the normative theories (stockholder, stakeholder, and social contracts) used to address the prevailing challenges remain less developed, with many institutions only relying on bare legal minimum requirements in relation to consumer data protection (Culnan, et al., 2008). Morley (2014) observes that these theories are distinct and incompatible with regards to the obligations of a business person. Taking into consideration the large social and financial impact of privacy breach as observed in the TJX case, there are mainly two aspects of moral issues that are central to the data privacy: vulnerability and harm avoidance. The concept of vulnerability highlights most of society’s moral intuitions, with the inherent scenario where one party is at disadvantage with regard to the other party in terms of data collection and use. This situation emerged because one party lacked the capacity to control the information givento the other party. Solove (2007) observed that the root cause of large-scale privacy invasions is embedded inthe lack of information control by the giver. In the case of TJX, consumers suffered outright vulnerability, although they expected TJX to protect their card information with a proper mechanism in place. On the other hand, avoiding harm involves the need for managers to avoid using consumer data to harm the vulnerable consumer socially and financially. Many have argued that it is the responsibility of the managers to take a minimum moral standing to ensure no harm is done in the treatment of consumer information (Culnan, et al., 2008). Conclusion Information privacy is an important issue in the modern business environment. In order to protect consumer information, managers must learn to strike a balance between consumer privacy and business interests by constantly adhering to the principle of protecting the vulnerable consumer and not causing harm to them through their personal information. It is important to note that TJX caused harm when their consumer personal data were stolen by a third party intruder. Although TJX violated industry rules, it is more significant to highlight that the company’s failure to observe moral responsibility in the protection of consumer data should be viewed as more detrimental to the company. Businesses are expected to follow basic ethical principles in managing business activities. While we can argue that the TJX data breach saga received the attention because of the United State’s comprehensive formal notice requirements within the laws on privacy data management, it is also apparent that personal data protection is beyond the laws and regulations and requires ethical foundations within the organisations. The need to integrate ethical reasoning into the privacy programmes of every organisation is paramount (Xu et al., 2008). We can argue that integrating moral responsibility within organisations will not only establish ethical standards for the organisations, but is growingly becoming a necessity considering the challenges surrounding the implementation of legal requirements. Furthermore, considering that consumers are vulnerable and are unable to control how businesses use their personal information, it is the moral responsibilities of every organisation to go beyond bare minimum legal compliance. That is, each organisation needs to take reasonable pre caution when handling consumer data and ensure no harm is caused with this kind of data. References Allen, A. (2011). Unpopular Privacy: What Must We HideOxford: Oxford University Press. Culnan, M. J., Foxman, E. R., and Ray, A. W. (2008). â€Å"Why ITExecutives Should Help Employees Secure Their Home Com- puters,† MIS Quarterly Executive (7:1), March, pp. 49-55. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2008). â€Å"Press Release: Agency Announces Settlement of Separate Actions Against Retailer TJX, and Data Brokers Reed Elsevier and Seisint for Failing to Provide Adequate Security for Consumers’ Data,† March 27(available at http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/03/datasec.shtm; accessed November 29, 2014). Greenaway, K. E., and Chan, Y. E. (2005). â€Å"Theoretical Explana-tions of Firms’ Information Privacy Behaviors,† Journal of the Association for Information Systems (6:6), pp. 171-198. Morley, D. (2014). Understanding Computers in a Changing Society. Chicago: Cengage Learning. Schwartz, M. (2009). â€Å"Europe Debates Mandatory Data Breach Notifications.† The Privacy Advisor (9:2), p. 1. Smedinghoff, T. J., and Hamady, L. E. (2008). â€Å"New State Regula-tions Signal Significant Expansion of Corporate Data SecurityObligations,† BNA Privacy and Security Law Report (7), October 20, p. 1518. Solove, D. (2007). â€Å"The New Vulnerability: Data Security andPersonal Information,† in Securing Privacy in the Internet Age, A. Chander, L. Gelman, and M. J. Radin (eds.), Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 111-136. Xu, H., Dinev, T., Smith, H. J., and Hart, P. (2008). â€Å"Examining the Formation of Individual’s Privacy Concerns: Toward an Integra-tive View,† in Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Information Systems, Paris (available at http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2008/6; accessed October 29, 2014). How to cite Information Privacy Security: TJX Data Breach Crisis and Lessons, Essay examples

Oot of School Youth free essay sample

Prepared by:Osorio, Marie Ann Dominic/ Galvez, Anthony Ross BSCS- 1A To be submitted to Mr. Albert E. Arenas General Topic: Out of School Youth What:Reasons/ Causes of being out of school youth. Who:children (ages 6- 17) and teenagers (ages 18- 24) Where: Philippines Narrowed Topic: Reasons/ Causes of being out of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines Key Questions: 1. What is out of school youth? 2. What are the reasons/ factors of being out of school youth? 3. What are the things that could help those out of school youth? 1 of every 8 Filipino youths not in school–survey By  RizaT. Olchondra Philippine Daily Inquirer 2:12 am | Sunday, November 6th, 2011 One out of eight Filipinos aged between six and 24 is an out-of-school youth (OSY), according to the 2010 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) of the National Statistics Office (NSO). This translates to about 16 percent of the estimated 39 million Filipinos in that age bracket, or 6. 24 million people, the NSO said in a report released last week. It said that among the main reasons cited by both males and females for not attending school were â€Å"lack of personal interest,† â€Å"high cost of education,† and â€Å"looking for work. † OSY defined According to the office, the term OSY refers to family members six to 17 years old who are not attending a formal school as well as family members 18 to 24 years old who are currently out of school, not gainfully employed and had not finished college or a post-secondary course. â€Å"Among OSYs who are six to 12 years old, lack of personal interest and too young to go to school are two leading reasons, for both males and females,† NSO administrator Carmelita N. Ericta said in the report. Lack of personal interest was also the commonly cited reason for OSYs 13 to 17 years of age, followed by the high cost of education, according to Ericta. For OSYs aged 18 to 24 years, looking for work was cited as the main reason among males, and marriage among females, she added. The state-owned think-tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) said that Filipino families and the Philippine government put a high premium on education, but school participation still remained wanting precisely because of the reasons cited in the NSO study. The PIDS said that addressing the   â€Å"lack of interest† was particularly important because it could be a catch-all phrase for anything, from adjustments due to late school entry to lack of financial or parental support. Besides improving the quality of education and the accessibility of schools, PIDS suggested that the government improve information campaigns on what age children should start going to school and promote continuing education for mothers so that they would support school attendance among their children. Major factor Lack of parental support for education was found to be a major factor in children’s â€Å"lack of interest† in going to school. In addressing the economic blocks to school participation, PIDS said, the government’s conditional cash transfer program might help families that decide to put their children to work rather than complete their education. The Annual Poverty Indicators poll is a nationwide survey conducted during the years when the Family Income and Expenditures Survey is not carried out. For a full survey, the number of samples is around 50,000 households. In the 2010 APIS round, only half of the sample size was used. Of the 21,023 eligible sample households for the 2010 APIS round, 20,103 were interviewed. This translated to a response rate of 95. percent at the national level. Bibliography Olchondra, Riza T. â€Å"1 of every 8 Filipino youths not in school– survey†. Philippine Daily Inquirer. November 6, 2011. Reasons/ Causes of being out DQ of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines â€Å"One out of eight Filipinos aged between six and 24 is an out-of-school youth (OSY), according to the 2010 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) of the National Statistics Office (NSO). This translates to about 16 percent of the estimated 39 million Filipinos in that age bracket, or 6. 24 million people, the NSO said in a report released last week. It said that among the main reasons cited by both males and females for not attending school were â€Å"lack of personal interest,† â€Å"high cost of education,† and â€Å"looking for work. † OSY defined According to the office, the term OSY refers to family members six to 17 years old who are not attending a formal school as well as family members 18 to 24 years old who are currently out of school, not gainfully employed and had not finished college or a post-secondary course. â€Å"Among OSYs who are six to 12 years old, lack of personal interest and too young to go to school are two leading reasons, for both males and females,† NSO administrator Carmelita N. Ericta said in the report. Lack of personal interest was also the commonly cited reason for OSYs 13 to 17 years of age, followed by the high cost of education, according to Ericta. For OSYs aged 18 to 24 years, looking for work was cited as the main reason among males, and marriage among females, she added. The state-owned think-tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) said that Filipino families and the Philippine government put a high premium on education, but school participation still remained wanting precisely because of the reasons cited in the NSO study. The PIDS said that addressing the   â€Å"lack of interest† was particularly important because it could be a catch-all phrase for anything, from adjustments due to late school entry to lack of financial or parental support. Besides improving the quality of education and the accessibility of schools, PIDS suggested that the government improve information campaigns on what age children should start going to school and promote continuing education for mothers so that they would support school attendance among their children. Major factor Lack of parental support for education was found to be a major factor in children’s â€Å"lack of interest† in going to school. In addressing the economic blocks to school participation, PIDS said, the government’s conditional cash transfer program might help families that decide to put their children to work rather than complete their education. The Annual Poverty Indicators poll is a nationwide survey conducted during the years when the Family Income and Expenditures Survey is not carried out. For a full survey, the number of samples is around 50,000 households. In the 2010 APIS round, only half of the sample size was used. Of the 21,023 eligible sample households for the 2010 APIS round, 20,103 were interviewed. This translated to a response rate of 95. 6 percent at the national level. † Olchondra Reasons/ Causes of being out S of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines According to the 2010 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) of the National Statistic Office (NSO), one of eight Filipinos aged between six and twenty-four (6 amp; 24) is an out of school youth (OSY). It means that in 39 million Filipinos on that said age bracket, 6. 24 million (16%) of it were OSY. According to NSO, the term OSY refers to family members 6- 17 years old who are not attending a formal school as well as family members 18- 24 years old who are currently out of school, not gainfully employed and had not finished college or a post-secondary course. The major factor or reasons of being out of school youth is â€Å"lack of interest†. And the â€Å"lack of interest† of the children is due to â€Å"lack of parental support†. In addition, â€Å"lack of personal interest† and â€Å"too young to go to school† is the main reason of ages 6- 12 years old, same with ages 13- 17 years old. While looking for a job was cited as the main reason among males, and getting married is the main reason among females of ages 18- 24. Olchondra Reasons/ Causes of being out P of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines Out of School Youth (OSY) refers to children who are not attending formal school, and teenagers who had not finished college or a post-secondary course. According to NSO, 6. 4 million (16%) of the estimated 39 million Filipinos of ages 6- 24 years old were out of school youth (OSY). The major factor or reasons of being out of school youth is â€Å"lack of interest†. And the â€Å"lack of interest† of the children is due to â€Å"lack of parental support†. In addition, â€Å"lack of personal interest† and â€Å"too young to go to school† is the ma in reason of ages 6- 12 years old, same with ages 13- 17 years old. While looking for a job was cited as the main reason among males, and getting married is the main reason among females of ages 18- 24. Olchondra

Uses of Technology in Music Education Essay Example

Uses of Technology in Music Education Essay Technology has played a huge part in the musical section of my education, more so than any other subject. While the main use of technology in most subjects is computer technology, I experienced many other kinds of technology while learning about music.One of the ideas that I have for music education in the future is for students to be able to compose original background sounds for classroom readings and dramatizations. There will be software programs designed to be used specifically by young children. With these programs music will be composed using non-traditional means such as drawing lines to compose a melody. Students will be able to arrange a piece of music using a MIDI sequencer to change instruments and timbres. They will also be able to experiment with different combinations of sounds using a MIDI sequencer to alter the elements and characteristics of the music. Melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, and form, will be isolated, changed, and elements such as ritards, accelerandos, a nd crescendos will be created and controlled. In short, I hope to make it simple and easy for young children to enjoy the wonderful feeling of composing a piece of music.Notation software such as Finale, Sibelius and Garage Band enable students to compose or arrange for voices and/or instruments. They provide a way to listen to a composition as it is being composed and to print legible scores and parts. Using notation software can enhance compositions using a variety of instruments and ranges. Students can play back their compositions using a variety of timbres. Notes can be entered in step time or real time. Using notation software rather than composing by hand allows the composer to hear the composition as it is being written and to make quick, clean changes to the piece. Other types of software are accompanying software. This includes Band-in-a-Box and MakeMusic/Coda which will actually accompany the player as he or she plays a solo. This technology greatly improved my ability to perform solo recitals and to prepare for them.A simple form of technology is the hammer, which is a form of a lever. Hammers can be found everywhere from a construction workers belt to the inside of a piano. The hammers that are found in a piano do not hit nails but strings. The keys on the keyboard are hinged to small hammers with soft-ended heads that hit the strings. Learning to play the piano is vastly important in learning about music and how to understand music. It is far easier to see intervals on a piano keyboard than it is on any other instrument. The teacher has an easier time using a keyboard to show an interval than they would playing it on an instrument because the keyboard not only allows the interval to be seen but also heard.A new piece of technology that also proves to be a very effective in teaching music is an iPod. iPods help the public by condensing DVD and CD collections. They also help music teachers when the teacher is giving a listening example. My personal experience with an iPod being used as a teaching tool was in an ethnomusicology class in high school. My teacher was able to quickly and easily transition between pieces and songs that we as a class had to analyze and compare. When comparing two pieces, it is easiest to compare them if they are heard in quick succession, which an iPod allows to happen.If the same thing were to be attempted using two different CDs, then it would be much harder to compare the two pieces because of a much larger gap between the two listenings. The iPod also helps with finding songs more quickly. It takes much less time to find a song on an iPod where you can search alphabetically by title, artist, composer, album, or by play list. This process takes much more time when searching through a CD collection. Because my teacher was able to use an iPod rather than CDs, the class was much more efficient and insightful.One of the most helpful tools a music teacher can use when teaching students how to play a p iece correctly is a metronome. This tool is used to keep a beat at a steady tempo and the more expensive ones can also sub-divide the beat into any number of parts and even serve as a tuner as well. Metronomes started out as non-electric, wound up boxes that had a pendulum with a weight at the top. Instead of swinging back and forth with the weight situated at the bottom of the pendulum, a metronomes pendulum would rock back and forth. The lower the weight was placed, the faster the tempo. These metronomes were not as helpful as modern metronomes because of their inability to sub-divide the beat. Young musicians often find it VERY hard to keep a steady tempo so a metronome is the perfect tool for a music teacher to use to improve this skill.Technology obviously has made teaching and learning about music much easier. I hope that in the future, I will be able to help advance more music technology and further improve the ease with which music is taught.

Free Essays on The Holocaust Ann Frank

as she was growing up in a terrifying time. This book has sold millions copies in over fifty countries. It is important for us to understand why these people were in hiding and how history and policies of the German people affected the lives of this Jewish family. (Frank II) Adolf Hitler was born in 1889, in Austria and went to Germany in 1913. He served in the German army in the First World War and was wounded twice. When Hitler returned to Germany after the war he found his adopted country to be in turmoil. Unemployment was extremely high, and groups were starting revolutions. Dozens of new political organizations and parties appeared. Each party claimed to know the answers to solve the problems the country was having. Most of these groups were patriotic, antidemocratic, and very anti-Semitic. Hitler was a member of one of these groups. He joined a small group, which called themselves the Nazis. With Hitler’s amazing ability as a speaker and his magnetic personality the party grew. Its program promised jobs, food and education to all Germans. During the depression Germany was falling apart. Hitler and the young Nazi party tried to take over the government during this period. They failed and Hitler was arrested and spent nine months in jail. Whe n Hitler was in jail, he wr... Free Essays on The Holocaust Ann Frank Free Essays on The Holocaust Ann Frank The Holocaust Ann frank History has had a great influence on art, whether it’s literature, theatre or cinema. Tragically, the Holocaust has been the subject of many books and movies. The Diary of Anne Frank is the diary of a young girl captured in the time period of the Holocaust. Anne Frank, her parents and younger sister went into hiding at the Nazi takeover in Holland. They were sheltered and cared for by Miep Gies and her husband Jan from July 1942 until August 1944. We can only assume that at this time they were betrayed. During her time in hiding, Anne kept a diary. This diary is now a world-famous book. It is Anne’s life in her own words as she was growing up in a terrifying time. This book has sold millions copies in over fifty countries. It is important for us to understand why these people were in hiding and how history and policies of the German people affected the lives of this Jewish family. (Frank II) Adolf Hitler was born in 1889, in Austria and went to Germany in 1913. He served in the German army in the First World War and was wounded twice. When Hitler returned to Germany after the war he found his adopted country to be in turmoil. Unemployment was extremely high, and groups were starting revolutions. Dozens of new political organizations and parties appeared. Each party claimed to know the answers to solve the problems the country was having. Most of these groups were patriotic, antidemocratic, and very anti-Semitic. Hitler was a member of one of these groups. He joined a small group, which called themselves the Nazis. With Hitler’s amazing ability as a speaker and his magnetic personality the party grew. Its program promised jobs, food and education to all Germans. During the depression Germany was falling apart. Hitler and the young Nazi party tried to take over the government during this period. They failed and Hitler was arrested and spent nine months in jail. Whe n Hitler was in jail, he wr...

Is there a relation between age and income Speech or Presentation

Is there a relation between age and income - Speech or Presentation Example Politicians and the media often include age as a factor when taking about income inequalities. Differences in wealth between old and young people are even greater than the differences witnessed when it comes to income. For example studies show that households headed by person who is over 65 years have more than 15 times as much wealth as compared to households held by persons below 35 years of age (Bowles and Herbert, 75). Age differences is just one of the many reasons that explains the reason behind insinuations about wealth and income that are thrown around in politics and in the media are often remote from reality. The statistics about the differences between age and income are almost perpetually about abstract income brackets. Additionally, a lot of statistical studies that follow specific individuals throughout their lives often reach diametrically conflicting conclusions from the conclusions attained by statistical studies that follow income brackets for a long period of time. A study undertaken by university of Michigan indicated that many of the working people who were in the bottom 20% of income earners in the year 1975 were also in the top 40% at some point in the year 1991. Of those in the bottom quartile in 1975, only 5% were still glued there come the year 1991 while 29% of them were now in the top quartile. This study tries to analyze the relationship between income and age and tries to explain the trend that exists between age and income. The question will be guided by the following research question: what is the relationship between income and age from the year 1974-2011 (Gray et.al, 76). Studies that have been carried out to determine the relationship between age and income have resulted in a general result that income is positively related to the age of an individual. The studies have generalized a sample to a population. Assumptions are vital concept of empirical

What are some of the ways that metropolitan areas coordinate Essay

What are some of the ways that metropolitan areas coordinate governmental activites and services accross a region, while at the same timeprotecting the values of suburban independence - Essay Example This is a good example of the consolidated metropolitan area governance, where city and county divide and share the responsibility of providing core services and coordinating activities within its area. Thorough and organized planning between the city and the county helps to make the governance more efficient and economical. The biggest city in the area, Miami, and 34 other towns provide a lower level of services, such as fire, water/sewer, parking, zoning, etc. At the same time, the Dade County provides the higher level of services, such as school, emergency management, airport, regional transit, and public housing. At the same time, the County provides lower-level services for areas that are not incorporated under Miami-Dade County governance. There are some services that are provided at both levels, such as parks and recreation. Both levels of government that coordinate services and activities in the larger Miami area impose taxes. The Dade County operates under an Executive Mayor , who is appointed by the County Manager, and a County Commission. In some regions, however, the above mentioned formal form of governance is not politically feasible, thus some forms of functional governance emerge. An example of the functional governance is Portland, Oregon. Oregon has a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). There are many MPO throughout metropolitan areas in the United States, which are considered an innovative form of functional governance. Their formal role is to develop and manage regional transportation plans. However, more and more responsibilities are delegated to MPOs by the local governments. Oregon has the most powerful MPO in the country, the power of which crosses 3 counties and 25 cities. Unlike typical MPOs, Oregon MPO manages not only transportation, but only parks and recreation, and public facilities, as well as oversees land use and urban growth boundary. Thus, I

Objective summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Objective summary - Essay Example On the other hand, proponents believe that such laws protect vulnerable victims. Nevertheless, colleges are imparting rules and regulations to lessen the dangers of date rape. Alan M. Dershowitzs "The Case for Torture Warrants" is an article about the debate whether law enforcement forces be allowed to torture suspects who are thought to have information pertaining to terrorism. Dershowitz is concerned with the methods of torture and how it can generate truthful information by giving examples of the Israeli, French, English, and American methods of torture. Among these, Dershowitz believes the American approach has over-stepped the boundaries of legal code of conduct. He is of the view that the availability of torture has given rise to unauthorised tortures. There is a resolution to this problem - the obtainment of warrants for authorising torture of suspects. This he believes would curb unaccountable imprisonment and torture across the United States among law enforcement agencies. More importantly this law would reduce exploitation of authority among law enforcement officials who do not have the full understanding of the risks of guessing the wrong suspe ct. Michael Levin demonstrates in his article "The Case for Torture" that in severe cases, torture is justified and morally mandatory. This is a reality that one must face in todays day and age of terrorism. He is of the view that the death or torture of one individual for the better or survival of many is justified even though it is unconstitutional. Torture is justified because Levin believes that victims of terrorism are innocent individuals who run the risk of deaths. On the other hand, terrorists have made the choice of running the risks of death. Whether for idealism or for profit terrorists carry out death plans and have excluded themselves from the civilised standards when they make the decision to kill others. In this context, torture is but a small mean to stop them from victimising

Differences Between RPC And RMI

Differences Between RPC And RMI In enterprise application there is possibility that resources need to be access across multiple system to do a business process. One of the Javas solutions for distributed application is Remote Method Invocation (RMI). Objective of this paper is understand how a RMI system works in real time scenarios and how enterprise application can implemented using java RMI APIs. An enterprise distributed system is a set of objects that isolates the consumers of services from the providers of services by a well-defined interface. In other words, clients are completely abstracted from the implementation of business method as data structure and executable code. This is how one can distinguish with simple client / server application with object based remote invocation method model. In the distributed enterprise object model, a client sends a request message to an object, which in turns analyzes the request to decide what service to perform. This business entity service, selection could be performed by either the object or a broker. Remote Method Invocation (RMI): RMI is one of the possible ways to access distributed business objects from another JVM and RMI uses object serialization to marshal and unmarshal parameters. If you want send objects across the wire, your class (object) need to implements Serializable interface. Here is the RMI architecture and how RMI s works internally. RMI Transport Layer Client Server skeleton stub Interface Interface Client Process Server Process Process According to sun web site Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI) enables the programmer to create distributed Java technology-based to Java technology-based applications, in which the methods of remote Java objects can be invoked from other Java virtual machines*, possibly on different hosts. RMI uses object serialization to marshal and unmarshal parameters and does not truncate types, supporting true object-oriented polymorphism. When a enterprise server process wants to export some remote method invocation based service to consumer, it does so by registering remote method invocation enabled objects with its local rmiregistry (Registry interface). Every remote object is registered with a name consumer can use to reference it. A consumer can obtain a reference of stub to the remote object by requesting for the remote object by name through the Naming interface. The argument for Naming.lookup() method is name of a remote object and locates the object on the network. The objects fully qualified name can be composed with host name port and the name of the object look like url syntax for the naming resource. Few of the terminology one should know about RMI are listed below. rmiregistry A executable program used to bind remote object to names and that provides a bootstrap naming service which is used by servers on the server machine. JVMs on client and server machines can then look up remote objects and make remote method invocations. rmic: The rmic compiler tool generates stub, and skeleton class files for remote objects. These classes files are generated from the compiled Java language classes that contain remote object implementations (implemented java.rmi.Remote interface). skeleton : A skeleton for a remote object is a JRMP protocol server side business object that contains a method which dispatch calls to the actual remote object realization. stub: A proxy object for a remote object which is responsible for delegating method on remote objects to the server where implementation of the actual remote object resides. A consumer program reference to a remote object, therefore, is actually a reference to a local stub. Remote Interface: The Remote interface serves to recognize interfaces whose methods may be invoked from a non-local virtual machine. Any object that is a remote object must directly or indirectly implement this interface. Difference between RPC and RMI Remote procedure call (RPC) is a network communication protocol with server and client architecture and the idea behind RPC is to call implemented code remotely as if we were just calling a function. The only difference between RMI and RPC is in case of RPC functions are invoked through a proxy function, and in case of RMI we invoke methods through a proxy object. RMI is java solution to RPC, with connectivity to existing systems using native methods. RMI can take a natural, direct, and fully powered approach to provide a enterprise distributed computing technology that allows us to add Java functionality throughout the system. To get the cross-platform portability that Java provides, RPC requires a lot more overheads than RMI. RPC has to convert the arguments between architecture so that each computer can use its native data type. Java-RMI is tightly coupled with the Java language. Whereas RPC is not specific to any single language and one can implement RPC using different language. Because RMI can implemented using Java, its get all the advantages like object oriented, parallel computing, design pattern, easy to write and re use, safe and secure, Write once and run anywhere. But in the case of RPC, to achieve any of these advantages one has to write implementation code. Sample application: To demonstrate RMI and distributed application in real time I have implemented a Lottery system. The Lottery system is developed as per UK Lotto system. Assuming that user before using this RMI client application already purchased the lottery ticket. Lottery client system displays the welcome message to customer. Lottery system also displays the winning amount to the customer. The Lottery system is developed as per UK Lotto system. But simplifying system I have modified certain rules. Here how winner is chosen. Jackpot, Match 6: Â £500,000 Match 5 numbers: Â £1,500 Match 4 numbers: Â £60 Match 3 numbers: Â £10. System asks customer to enter positive integer number ranging 1 to 49. Once he enters all 6 numbers Lottery system generate 6 winning non-repeating random number between 1 to 49. System checks the match between user entered number and server generated number and calculate winning amount and display the result Implementation: Here is how I have implemented Lottery system Define a remote interface import java.rmi.Remote; public interface LotteryGenerator extends Remote { public ArrayList getLottoryNumber() throws java.rmi.RemoteException; } Implement the remote interface Below is the just a snippet of the implementation class for the remote interface. I have not listed the supporting private methods of the class. import java.rmi.RemoteException; public class LotteryGeneratorImpl extends java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject implements LotteryGenerator{ private ArrayList numbers; // Integer array for holding repeat private ArrayList lot; private java.util.Random gen; public ArrayList getLottoryNumber(){ lot.clear(); for(int i=0;i

Evidence of Dissociative Identity Disorder in Fight Club Essay

In the movie Fight Club we are introduced to an average, white-collared, middle aged man who is seemingly normal at first glance. However, it is clear that the narrator suffers from insomnia, anxiety, and depression very early in the film. The narrator attempts to combat these symptoms in a number of ways, however, the only way that he has found to be effective is by attending support groups on a nightly basis. The narrator soon creates an alter ego (though we do not know he is his alter ego until the end of the film) named Tyler Durden. Durden is more attractive, has a better physique, and is overall more confident than the narrator and Durden regularly takes control of the narrator without the narrator’s knowledge to carry out tasks that the narrator does not believe he has the power to accomplish. This use of dissociation is a defense mechanism used by the narrator to remove himself from situations that may produce anxiety. The narrator has many instances in which he is not able to recollect things that happened that day or in previous days, such as having sexual relations with Marla (the narrator envisions Tyler having sexual relations with Marla, while it is him having sexual relations with Marla). However, it is difficult to reason through whether or not he is having these memory lapses due to a true dissociative identity disorder (DID) or perhaps due to physical trauma that was sustained through his fighting. Although the narrator is seen consuming an alcoholic beverage on the first day he â€Å"met† Tyler Durden, it is not evident throughout the film that these blackouts/memory lapses are due to alcohol or other substances. As the film progresses the narrator continues to have issues related to anxiety and he a... ...rrator’s lack of respect for life, however, the general lack of respect for life possibly indicated that the narrator wanted to take his own life, or that the narrator felt indestructible and did not feel that his risky behaviors would cause an untimely death. It is also unclear at the end of the film whether or not the narrator actually shot himself in the head or if this was an intrusive symptom produced by dissociations. References Brand, B., & Loewenstein, R. J. (2010). Dissociative disorders: An overview of assessment, phenomenology, and treatment. Psychiatric Times, 27(10), 62-69. Sadock, B.J., & Sadock, V.A. (2007). Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychiatry (10th ed.) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Stahl, S. M., (2011). The Prescriber’s Guide. (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Globalization of Deforestation

Before you can understand anything surrounding deforestation, you must know what it actually is. Many people believe that it is just cutting down trees, specifically in the rainforests. They are correct, but there is much more to it than that. Yes, deforestation is cutting down trees, but what many people don’t know are the effects that it has. Deforestation affects almost every aspect of life. It affects the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, as well as the global economy and politics. Many people believe that deforestation is a modern idea that was brought on by the industrialization era.The truth is deforestation has been around since the beginning of mankind. Scientists believe that most of Europe had become deforested by 1850 (Kaplan 3024). As you can see, deforestation has been occurring for a long time, and globalization has just sped up the process and increased the rates. But what all does deforestation actually affect? The list is nearly endless, becaus e it is different in every environment and population. On a global scale though deforestation affects greenhouse gases, climate, soil fertility, water quality, watersheds, and biodiversity.Deforestation causes all of the CO2 gases stored in trees to be released into the atmosphere which increases greenhouse gases and ultimately affects the climate and global warming. Tropical deforestation alone, â€Å"accounts for about 15 percent of the world’s global warming pollution—more than that produced by every car, truck, plane, ship, and train on Earth† (Boucher 1). The area where deforestation occurs destroys the soil’s fertility inhibiting it from being able to regrow there. Erosion caused by deforestation runs off into streams, rivers, and lakes which affect the water quality and watersheds.Deforestation also affects biodiversity, because it kills or helps kill off plants and animals that are important to the local environment. With all of these negative eff ects, you would think that deforestation would be a hot topic. The truth is that most people will agree that deforestation is wrong, but very few of them will do anything about it. That is why I believe all of the policies, laws and programs which surround deforestation should be brought to greater attention and enforced. One of the leading rograms which has helped reduce deforestation in several countries is REDD, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation. Seeing deforestation has a leading cause of emissions is new and this program has had more success than past ones. Basically, â€Å"countries are compensated if they reduce their carbon emissions from forest clearing† (Boucher 1). This gives developing and developed countries incentive to reduce deforestation because they would make more money from not deforesting than they would from deforesting.This program has gained support from the United Nations and several countries are already adopting it. But, i f we want to slow down or even stop this â€Å"monster† called deforestation then we need all of the world’s help. That is why we need to get programs like REDD and the effects of deforestation out to the public. We have all of these ideas, programs, policies, and laws which could help with the issue of deforestation, but nothing is being done to help enforce and inform people about them.All industries should try to make their products as green as possible because every little bit counts. Sure, it might cost a little more, but in the long run it is for the greater good. Just as Franklin D. Roosevelt once said, â€Å"A nation that destroys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people. † Although the forests are much more than that, it is true that deforestation will destroy a country and the world in time.

Analysis on Aristotle essays

Analysis on Aristotle essays Our modern concept of happiness appears to be one synonymous with contentment. A happy person is one who leads a life in which they are content with their actions. However, the Aristotelian conception of happiness, or of eudaemonia, is a compound, made of matter and spirit, of sense and intelligence, of animal conditioning and rational, all of this crowned and guided by wisdom and contemplation. Happiness, according to Aristotle is contingent on living a good life. He is a firm believer that good life can only be met if morally right actions are performed until they become habitual. After these actions become a habit, moral virtue can be achieved. I intend to discuss how Aristotle, in his Nicomachean Ethics, analyzes happiness and excellence in relation to moral virtue and the doctrine of mean. Aristotle regards happiness as a final end the final cause of action for a human being. He used the word eudaemonia in a sense which refers to the quality of a whole human life what makes it good as a whole despite the fact a person is not having a blast or a good time every minute of it. A human life may involve many joy, pleasures, successes and it may also involve heartbreaks, sorrows, grieves, troubles and that could still be a happy life. So in other words, happiness is not measured by the pleasures we have nor is it marred by the agonies we suffer. Happiness of man can be defined by determining the function proper to man. The function cannot be one which plants and animals also perform because it must be particular to human beings. Therefore, mans function must be a part of the term practical life of the rational part of man. The term practical here implies purposeful conduct which is possible only for rational beings. It follows, then that happiness consists in the action of the rational part, the soul. To constitute true happiness this action must persist with continuity throughout a lifetime. ...

Studying Aboard Is Better Essay Example

Studying Aboard Is Better Essay Example Studying Aboard Is Better Essay Studying Aboard Is Better Essay It’s one thing to see a photo of Machu Picchu, or to read a travel memoir about the bustling streets of Mumbai. Visiting foreign lands in person, however, is an entirely different experience. When you study abroad, you participate in the day-to-day life of a new locale, gaining a first-hand understanding and new appreciation of the culture. 2. Improve Your Second Language Skills You may already be fluent in a second language, or you might study abroad in one of the many countries where English is spoken as a first language.However, studying abroad can provide you with a perfect opportunity to learn a new foreign language. Being surrounded by native speakers affords you the chance to immerse yourself in the language, which can expedite your retention and fluency. Furthermore, if you travel to a country in which the primary language is one you’ve studied in school, you can add to your vocabulary colloquial words and phrases that may not appear in the textbooks. 3. Explore Your Own Heritage Students whose familial heritage stems from abroad will often choose to explore their ethnicity and ancestry.In fact, reports show that minority students benefit both personally and academically when they have studied abroad in the country of their family’s origin. 4. Pursue an Activity You Wouldn’t at Home Studying abroad is a chance for you to be adventurous, explore the unknown, and try your hand at activities that may not be offered in your home state. For example, if you’re studying abroad in Argentina, you can try numerous adventure sports, from zip-lining, to rafting, to mountain biking. If you enjoy heights, you can try paragliding.No matter what you choose, it’s sure to be an unforgettable experience 5. Learn How to Communicate Across Cultures In today’s increasingly global society, it’s important to possess the skills to communicate across cultures – and this means understanding more than just a different language. Studying abroad helps you become familiar with the customs and traditions of the country in which you are studying, in addition to the language. By interacting with locals, you can develop an appreciation for the culture and its differences from your own. 6.Become More Independent Studying abroad removes you from the normal support network that you are accustomed to back home. While on the one hand, being away from friends and family can seem daunting, it is also a chance for you to hone your own skills and gain some independence. Whether it’s washing your laundry or buying groceries, you will learn to take responsibility for your actions. When you return home, your increased independence will be very useful – it can help you in your job search, at home, or in your day-to-day routines. Manage Your Own Finances 7.One major aspect of being an independent adult is having the ability to manage your own finances. Regardless of whether your study abroad program is financed by a scholarship, grant, or another source of income, chances are that it will be your responsibility to pay the bills. Furthermore, living in a new country also forces you to learn to understand a new form of currency, and familiarize yourself with the various living expenses. Understanding how to manage your expenses will especially be beneficial when you no longer rely on the support of your family. 8. Increase Your Employment ProspectsEmployers value prospective candidates with international experience, foreign language skills, and the ability to communicate across cultures. If you’re interested in pursuing a career in international relations, diplomacy, or government, these skills will be especially useful. Use your experience studying abroad to expand your set of abilities, and make these a determining factor that will separate you from the others in a pool of applicants. 9. Form New and Rewarding Relationships Without your regular support group of friends and family, you will be confronted with new situations on a daily basis.However, studying abroad offers you the chance to meet new people and form friendships that may last a lifetime. Whether you’re living with a host family or in a student residence, make an effort to form relationships with those around you. Not only will you have someone around to console you when you are feeling homesick, but you will also get to know people that you can have fun with. Recreation is an important part of the studying abroad experience, and you will likely enjoy sharing your experiences much more than spending your time alone. 10. Network for Your FutureIn addition to making friends, you can also form professional contacts while abroad. Generally speaking, course loads tend to be comparatively lighter while studying abroad, so this can be an ideal occasion to intern, work part-time, or volunteer while you’re studying. Consult your college or university to see whether they help you find internships or work placements abroad. Sometimes, you can even get credit from your home institution. When you’re finished working abroad, be sure to ask for a recommendation letter to testify that you worked abroad, and to share with future prospective employers.As a student, you are likely young and fairly unattached. When weighing the costs against the benefits, consider whether you’ll have a similar opportunity to travel abroad in the future. Chances are that now is the ideal time to go. However, in spite of the many reasons to consider studying abroad, keep in mind the possible challenges and expenses, and carefully weigh your options before making a final decision. Furthermore, consult your advisors and professors, as well as friends and family, for advice – especially if they have participated in a similar program before. 11. Gain new perspective on the world.SIT Study Abroad programs take students through a cultural and academic experience from the inside out. Students explore issues related to globalization, development, poverty, and social inequity from many different perspectives. When they return to the US, students almost always see things differently: They can put themselves in someone else’s shoes more easily and have a more nuanced understanding of the world. 12. Increase language skills. Programs typically offer language study at the intermediate and advanced levels and/or beginning instruction in a less commonly taught language spoken by the local community.Courses incorporate formal classroom instruction, discussion, and field exercises designed to enhance student engagement while improving oral and written competence. Select programs are taught all or in part in the target language. By using language skills in daily life, students on our programs discover that they not only can survive but flourish in another country. Note: No formal language instruction is offered for credit on IHP/Comparative programs. 13. Learn research methods and ethics. Students learn appropriate methodologies that prepare them to undertake fieldwork on topics connected to the program theme.Students develop research skills and approaches including: cross-cultural adaptation and skills building; project selection and refinement; contact and resource cultivation; observation and interviewing s kills; gathering, organizing, and presenting findings; and maintaining a field journal. Students also examine the ethics and impact of their research on local communities and are required to follow the World Learning/SIT Human Subjects Review Policy, which serves as an approval process and guide for ethical field study practices. 14. Improve, learn, and refine decision-making and problem-solving skills.Students studying abroad find themselves in new situations all the time. When students maneuver through uncharted territory and convey their needs and thoughts using new language and intercultural skills, they gain confidence. These skills are transferable to other aspects of life, both personal and professional. 15. Test your interests. While studying abroad, especially on a field-based program like SIT, students can often take their interests in a more specific, applied direction. For example, they can try field research or clinical work and/or interact with professionals working in fields of interest to them. 6. Make new contacts and form lasting connections. Between academic directors, in-country lecturers, and program staff; other SIT students; homestay families; and program contributors, students form a large network of people during their study abroad experience. Some students may call upon their in-country professional contacts soon after the program’s conclusion, perhaps in pursuit of a Fulbright or Watson scholarship; others stay in touch with homestay families for decades; still others form lifelong friendships with their SIT peers. These relationships can be deeply enriching.

Recidivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Recidivism - Essay Example In the paragraphs to follow, light shall be shed upon the reasons for recidivism, the measures taken to reduce the recidivism rate, the problems encountered in carrying out those measures, and most importantly, the methods used to measure the recidivism in a society and the problems encountered in attaining an accurate measure of the recidivism. Over 60% of the people released in 1994 were rearrested within 3 years for a severe violation of the law. A startling 25% of the law violators were convicted to prison over a fresh criminal offence and 46.9% were reconvicted. 2.5% of the law breakers previously arrested for rape were rearrested for another rape and statistics for homicide also showed a similar pattern as 1.2% homicide convicts were rearrested for committing another homicide (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007). Non-sex offenders made up the larger part of the repetition of the offences as compared to sex-offenders. It was observed that non-sex offenders were about six times less likely to be convicted for a repetition of a sex offense. When analyzing Recidivism, it is important to delve into the intricacies of Habitual Offenders and Psychopathy. Both subjects are brought under extensive analysis when a system to reduce recidivism is required. Habitual Offenders Habitual Offenders are law breakers who are classified to have a tendency to commit repetitions of a crime. Legislation is designed to discourage habitual offending tendencies and rehabilitation programs are designed and implemented to allow for habitual offenders to curb and eventually eliminate their tendency to repeat offences. Habitual Offenders are given the highest level of significance by law enforcing agencies in not only western countries but also in eastern countries where habitual offenders are often subjected to constant surveillance (Duhaime, 2008). Law enforcement agencies in certain countries exercise a policy to bring in habitual offenders for questioning when a crime has been committed that can be related to the nature of offence that the habitual offenders are known for. Psychopathy Psychopathy is defined as a bent of mind to commit a crime simply for the sake of breaking it and any amusement or thrill that it gives to the offender (Arkowitz & Lilienfeld, 2007). The term Psychopathy is often substituted by the term sociopathy, however the core of the matter remains the very same. It is a behavioral tendency to carry out destructive actions because of a mindset that is more than often defined as a personality disorder. Psychopathy is one of the most studied and researched of issues under Recidivism because most recidivism offenders are recorded to either be psychopaths or have shown streaks of behavior that can be defined psychopathic. It is important to high light here that media based portrayals of psycho-pathetic behavior are more than often exaggerated and deviate from what the actual mindset of the psychopath. Traditional studies have outlined Psychopathy to be a mix of traits that include a tendency towards egocentricity deceit, manipulative outlook towards achieving desires and a severe deficiency of remorse regarding any activities (Hare, 1996).

Marketing automobiles to male U.S. Hispanics ages 18-35 Research Paper

Marketing automobiles to male U.S. Hispanics ages 18-35 - Research Paper Example 4 2.2.Nissan and Competition 5 3.Statement of the Marketing Objective 6 4.Media Sources and Strategy for Nissan Leaf 9 4.1.Traditional Electronic Media 9 4.2.New Media 9 4.3.A Combination of Media 10 4.4.Nissan Leaf Successful Ad Campaign—What If Everything Ran on Gas? 10 5.Positioning and Message Strategy for Nissan Leaf 11 6.Test of Message and Media Approaches 13 With the presence of Chevy Volt, the EV market has been split into two. In order to make it appealing to the target audience that we have identified as Hispanic male, Nissan would split the target audience as the Thinkers and the Innovators and aim to appeal to both of them. The thinkers would be persons who are well-educated and make informed decisions whereas; innovators are those who would be willing to embrace the latest technological developments. The message mainly propagated by Nissan Leaf is that it is an ultra-modern car with cutting edge technology. Nissan Leaf has the benefit of being the first market en trant, the innovator and leader, the position is pretty much similar to that of Toyota Prius in Hybrid cars. It has the potential to gain the maximum market share and with marketing and extended features the car can even increase the size of the pie. 13 Media approaches that would appeal to the target audience based on an internet survey, we need to incorporate the following means of advertising: 13 Cable or Satellite TV: 13 Select cannels and shows which coincide with the target audience of the car. Cable also provides national coverage and reach and the message can be reinforced using high frequency. 13 Internet Marketing: 13 As established already the company Nissan already has a strong presence on social networking sites and blog forums. The Leaf can be promoted using these avenues. The key benefit that the internet marketing is that it provides a targeted audience so there is minimum waste. And by linking the product promotions and advertisements to their facebook page and blog s, the company would be reaching an audience that is already interested in buying the brand or at least getting to know about it. The company can evaluate the effectiveness with the number of clicks, the traffic and also sue input provided by the audience for improving the features of the car. 13 Radio 14 Radio is also a very effective medium, for two reasons. First is that the Hispanic males listen to a great deal or radio in both English and Spanish and provides high frequency and targeted reach. Furthermore the highest consumption of radio is while travelling in cars, so the promotional message would hit close to home. 14 Print Advertisements 14 The key benefit of advertisements in magazines is their ability to reach a very targeted audience as well as have a long life and high transferability. Nissan needs to select magazines with high reach of the Hispanic populous. 14 Celebrity Endorsements and Unconventional Methods 14 Since the product is attempting to reposition itself and appeal to the Hispanic male audience, it is important that the product is also made to appear macho and the concept of energy-saving appear cool, this can be accomplished with celebrity endorsements and Spanish music sponsorships. 14

Intervention Informed by Theory- Critical Exploration, Explanation and Essay

Intervention Informed by Theory- Critical Exploration, Explanation and Demonstration of Intervention Form - Essay Example The present research has identified that experiential learning offers an alternative and needed a mode of learning for many of Scotland’s youth, which in the regular course of their traditional schooling are in a way deprived of more experiential learning modes because of an emphasis on book and academic learning for most of the academic year. Experiential youth learning via targeted interventions that deal with sensitive and potentially traumatic life circumstances have great value for those involved, and for the larger community too. Often young people in difficult situations have no one to turn to, and academics and school learning seem irrelevant in such instances. The experiences are too raw, and the impact not always fully understood, and there is a need to provide avenues for processing those experiences and to transform them into learning and self-improvement opportunities. It is not difficult to see, moreover, from the wealth of academic literature on the various aspe cts of experiential learning as they apply in youth learning contexts that there is a rich and fertile ground for exploration that is available for both educators and learners. The literature is rich and therefore there is enough theoretical grounding to be able to successfully launch an exploration of an intervention along these lines, and in the process come up with a robust approach and a viable set of techniques to give flesh to the proposed intervention here. The richness of the literature pertains to the value of experiential learning to process youth experiences that are often difficult to do so otherwise. In the context of this discussion, when we talk of experiential learning or learning that is experience-based, we are referring to the same set of concepts tied to that learning mode where the learner and his or her experiences are central to the learning process or are the starting points of the learning process.

Medical profession Essay Example for Free

Medical profession Essay Adolescence roughly covers the age from thirteen to eighteen. Thus they are called the â€Å"teen years†. Psychologist, educators and the medical profession all agree that adolescence is the most difficult stage an individual may have to go through. It is a time of rapid changes in physical, cognitive and social behavior (Hurlock, 1982). At this age the teen undergo a transition from â€Å"innocence’ to â€Å"awareness†. He shifts from the egocentric world of childhood where his thinking is guided only by what is known or seen to a wide world within him and around him where he can logically think through its reality(Hilliard ,2003) The individual entered an age wherein suddenly there are so many things that he wants to know, understand and experience. It is at this time that primary (sex organs) and secondary sex characteristics start to develop. This includes growth of pubic hair, swelling of breast or first menstrual period for girls and penis growth for boys. Such changes are made possible due to biological change that are undergoing within their bodies. Both boys and girls began to release large quantities of sex hormones, estrogen for girls and androgen for boys. This hormonal change in turn may cause arousal and emotionality in both sexes as they began to figure there sexual values (Hurlock, 1982). Their physical and biological development may make teens overly â€Å"self-conscious† and they become strongly interested to the opposite sex. It is at this time that they first start dating (Huebner, 2000). Generally teens are primarily confronted with issues about sexuality that leads to confusion, chaos, rebellion and extra emotional sensitivity (Hurlock, 1982). Developmental theories had been formulated to explain this phenomenon. METHODOLOGY The purpose of questionnaire is to know a teen’s view and attitude about sex. It does not tackle other sexuality issues like homosexuality and transgender. In developing my questionnaire I keep three things in mind: I should not be biased, questions must be clear to avoid misunderstanding and that care should be taken so as not to offend or embarrass my respondents. I know that teens can be very sensitive and conscious of what people say about them and for most of them sex is a private matter. To meet the above criteria I was careful in not committing the following errors in designing a questionnaire: a) the respondent feels the information is â€Å"none of my business† (Do you masturbate? ), b) Question lack a standard of reference ( do you feel comfortable discussing sex with â€Å"people†? What people? Friends? Parents?), c) the respondent does not know the answer (How many teens in your school disagree about premarital sex? ), and d) the respondent does not remember the answer and therefore guesses (How many girls does your best friend dated last year? ). I first tested my questionnaire by letting one of my teen friends answer it. In this way I will know if the questions are clear and can be easily answered even when I am not around. I revised question/s that was declared not clear by my friend. The next task was to find a teen to be interviewed using the questionnaire. In order not to be biased I interviewed someone I do not know. In this way I have no idea regarding his sexual views. I went to a community park where all sorts and types of teens usually hangout during non-school days. I found a prospect in a group of boys who were dancing beside a stage. The person I interviewed volunteered to answer the questionnaire. He strikes me as a happy go lucky teen. He dresses nicely and smells good although he had been sweating because of their dance practice (he informed me that his group will be joining a dance contest in their community). He smiles easily and seems not to take my interview seriously at first.

Social work as a practice

Social work as a practice Social work as a practice is of recent origin and attempts to meet the needs of people especially those in urban areas. In essence, it is a professional activity of helping individuals or communities enhance or restore their capacities to a social functioning and to create societal conditions favorable to their goals. It aims to improve the quality of human life as well as show commitment towards social justice (Ryan and Hughes, 1998). Individuals, families, communities and organizations are able to attain their full potential by seeking social work related services. The need for such services has been extended to cater for children as they are currently facing challenges that hinder their proper development. This has become the main focal point of this document. First of all, as mentioned above, social work is aimed at improving the livelihoods of people and engaging them constructively to attain their full potential. This cuts across all generations including children. Several reasons have contributed to my desire in working within the Public Child Welfare system. The system is driven by the aim to promote the safety, wellbeing and permanency of children as well as families (Ryan and Hughes, 2006). Most children experience situations such as being deprived of parental care, abuse ranging from physical, sexual, emotional to neglect, marital conflicts, stigma related issues, unfavorable socioeconomic conditions (Weaver et al., 2006) that expose them to scenarios such as opting for prostitution. Qualities Of A Good Child Protection Services Worker For one to be a Child Protection Services worker, one has to meet the basic requirements which include a Bachelors degree in social work or a Masters degree in social work, maintain substantial knowledge of current affairs pertaining to childrens welfare and be able to apply the knowledge acquired into structured settings. One should be aware of the ethics and values which describe in detail the code of conduct. A commitment to the ethics and values of a Child Protection Services worker should be fully adhered to, be able to apply basic helping skills where one is able to respond to individual, group and community needs, engagement skills, observation skills, communication skills, empathy skills, resistance intervention and assessment skills. With these strengths I am able to carry out my duties as Child Welfare Protection Officer effectively and efficiently. Challenges To Effective Child Welfare Service Provision However, even with the above strengths, several challenges exist that compromise service delivery on the part of the child welfare services worker. Ryan and Hughes (1998) expound on these challenges to include; poor public perception of the Child Welfare Social worker. Service delivery is compromised by high staff turnover as well as lack of competent personnel in the social work institutions; vulnerability of families with complex needs thus requiring time bound complex solutions. This cannot be tackled by the few workers available; poor working conditions result in the workers having to bear with increasing caseloads without proper remuneration and flexible routines; increased caseloads with complex needs. These stem in part from the vulnerability of families where breadwinners are unable to provide sufficiently for their dependants. Complexity of these needs requires complex actions in their solutions which further demands time to solve them; reduction in the number of foster care parenting. Increased caseloads face a backlog of foster care parenting as less individuals sign up into foster care systems due to increased expenses and bureaucracies involved. Proposed Changes To Improve The Publics Perception Of Public Child Welfare Services In order to improve the public perception of public child welfare services, adequate training and employment should be done to increase the number of competent personnel in these institutions. This would effectively take into account the need to improve service delivery to cater for increasing cases related to child welfare (Weaver et al., 2006). Secondly, institutional changes that encompass policy development and implementation need to be adequately addressed to ensure systematic co-ordination in securing resources for affected families and children. Further more, compensation should be incorporated to promote foster care parenting o that foster families do not feel overburdened in taking care of the adopted children. Staff should also be compensated in situations where they have incurred extra expenses of both time and money in their quest to address underlying issues brought to them. Permanency Planning Weaver et al., (2006) defines permanency planning as a guiding principle intended to minimize the exit, entry and time spent in home care. It includes both legal and social efforts aimed at securing viable families for children. It further describes where a child will live after foster care. Foster Care System Foster care system refers to a system where a minor is taken up in a caregivers home. Such a caregiver is certified by the state and is referred to as a foster parent. The state and a child welfare institution engage in legal decisions affecting the minor while the foster parent contributes to the daily care of the minor and is compensated for extending such services by the state. This system is mostly short term in nature as the minor awaits permanent adoption or reunification (Ryan and Hughes, 1998) Career Prospects Five years after my graduation, I intend to become a social worker with a bias in child protection services. I will focus my attention mainly in child labor and female genital mutilation cases for the first three years. I will then establish an organization whose main mandate would be to address the above issues. References Ryan, J. and Hughes, R. (1998), Field Guides to Child Welfare (Vol II-XIII). Washington: CWLA Press Weaver, D. et al., (2006), Retention of Public Child Welfare Workers. Berkeley: California University

Edgar Allan Poe :: English Literature Essays

Edgar Allan Poe When picking a topic for my research paper. I thought of many different ideas. I started to think about my interests is reading literature, and I decided to write about my favorite author Edgar Allan Poe. This paper is going to look at Poe from a psychological perspective. There seems to be few attempts to look at the psychological causes of humor in Poe’s work, and how his personal life may have had an impact on his writings. Many of Poe’s tales are distinguished by the author’s unique grotesque ideas in addition to his superb plots. In an article titled â€Å"Poe’s humor: A Psychological Analysis,† by Paul Lewis, he states: â€Å"Appropriately it seems to me, that to see Poe only as an elitist whose jokes could not be grasped by a general audience is to sell him short. He does not deny this elitist side of Poe; but he holds for a broader, more universal less intellectual humor that screams out from the center of Poe’s work. (532) This arti cle provides important insight to understanding the nature of the humor and its relationship to the overwhelming horror in some of Poe’s work. Lewis’ believes that humor and fear have a special relationship in Poe’s tales. Humor, taken to its limits, leads the reader to fear. He says, â€Å"Over and over, when humor fails, we are left with images of fear: the raven’s shadow, the howling cat, the putrescence corpse, or the fallen house. (535) According to Lewis, in The Black Cat and Ligeia, he argues that are first impressions of the narrators are half comic. â€Å"We are led gradually away from this humor into an expanding horror of men driven to acts of obscene cruelty. The combination with humor and horror occurs differently in Hop Frog where cruelty and joking co-mingle. (537) To agree with Lewis, I feel what happens in this tale is not just that cruel jokers are destroyed by a cruel joke but that joking itself gives good way to horror, as the cruelty of joke destroys its ability to function as a joke. The appeal of Lewis’ article about psychological insight of Poe rings true. I agree that fear and humor are linked together in Poe’s tales. I have seen it in hospitals, and at funerals, or even when humor helps pass the time during a threat of a destructive storm or when a flood threatens us.

Technology Forecast

Technology forecasting is considered to be vital in today’s business environment. There have been many success stories as well as failures. Forecasting technology impacts many aspects from acquiring a new technology to developing a new technology. The course will start with reviewing several methodologies and then will analyze those impacts and how to make them beneficial for the organizations through many case studies, professional and research articles. Case Studies are selected from Harvard Business School Case Studies. Articles are selected from journals such as Technology Forecasting and Social Change. GRADING AND DELIVERABLES Specific Deliverable Cases (team – in class)30%Presentations Project (team)40%Paper + Presentation Readings (individual)30%2 article discussions ———————————————————————————– TOTAL100% GUIDELINES FOR DELIVERABLES CASES – Cases will be analyzed and presented in class by teams. You should read and get yourself familiar with the case before the class, READINGS – You will be assigned 2 articles to discuss in class. PROJECT – Identify an emerging technology as a team and develop a forecast using Technology Forecasting Tools. Examples of such projects will be provided. Your team is required to present the progress and results of your project during the scheduled times in class. Progress presentations should not exceed 20 minutes and the final presentation will be limited to 45 minutes. You also will need to submit a report which should follow TFSC journal guidelines for a journal paper. Your report should include a literature search justifying the topic and methods used. CASES 1. Strategic Planning at United Parcel Service, David A. Garvin, Lynne C. Levesque, Product#: 306002 2. Forecasting the Adoption of a New Product, Elie Ofek, Product#: 505062 – AND – Forecasting the Adoption of E-Books, Elie Ofek, Peter Wickersham, Product Number: 9-505-063 3. Illinois Superconductor Corp. : Forecasting Demand for Superconducting Filters, Mohanbir Sawhney, Lisa Damkroger, Greg McGuirk, Julie Milbratz, John Rountree, Product#: KEL096 READINGS Introduction to Technology Forecasting 1. Linstone, H. A. , TFSC: 1969-1999. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 62, Issues 1-2, August-September 1999, Pages 1-8. 2. Ayres, R. U. What have we learned? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 62, Issues 1-2, August-September 1999, Pages 9-12. 3. Martino, J. P. , Thirty years of change and stability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 62, Issues 1-2, August-September 1999, Pages 13-18. 4. Porter, A. L. , Tech forecasting an empirical perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 62, Issues 1-2, August-Septem ber 1999, Pages 19-28. 5. Linstone, H. A. , The 21st century: Everyman as Faust – technology, terrorism, and the multiple perspectives approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 70, Issue 3, March 2003, Pages 283-296. Technology Forecasting Techniques 6. Mishra, Somnath, S. G Deshmukh and Prem Vrat, Matching of technological forecasting technique to a technology , Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 69, Issue 1, January 2002, Pages 1-27. 7. Technology Futures Analysis Methods Working Group, Technology futures analysis: Toward integration of the field and new methods, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 71, Issue 3, March 2004, Pages 287-303. 8. Silberglitt, R. , Hove, A. , and Shulman, P. Analysis of US energy scenarios: Meta-scenarios, pathways, and policy implications. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 70, Issue 4, May 2003, Pages 297-315. 9. Rowe, G. and G. Wright, The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis, International Journal of Forecasting, Volume 15, Issue 4, October 1999, Pages 353-375. 10. Lena Borjeson, Mattias Hojer, Karl-He nrik Dreborg, Tomas Ekvall and Goran Finnveden, Scenario types and techniques: Towards a user's guide, Futures, Volume 38, Issue 7, September 2006, Pages 723-739. 11. Winebrake, J. J. , and Creswick, B. P. The future of hydrogen fueling systems for transportation: An application of perspective-based scenario analysis using the analytic hierarchy process, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 70, Issue 4, May 2003, Pages 359-384. 12. Sager, B. , Scenarios on the Future of Biotechnology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 68, Issue 2, October 2001, Pages 109-129. 13. Modis, T. , Technological forecasting at the stock market. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 62, Issue 3, November 1999, Pages 173-202. 14. Devezas, Tessaleno C. , Harold A. Linstone and Humberto J. S. Santos, The growth dynamics of the Internet and the long wave theory, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 72, Issue 8, October 2005, Pages 913-935. 15. Ilonen, Jarmo, Joni-Kristian Kamarainen, Kaisu Puumalainen, Sanna Sundqvist and Heikki Kalviainen, Toward automatic forecasts for diffusion of innovations, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 73, Issue 2, February 2006, Pages 182-198. 16. Martino, Joseph P. , A comparison of two composite measures of technology , Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 44, Issue 2, September 1993, Pages 147-159. Emerging Technology Forecasting Techniques 17. Inman, Oliver Lane, Timothy R. Anderson and Robert R. Harmon, Predicting U. S. jet fighter aircraft introductions from 1944 to 1982: A dogfight between regression and TFDEA, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 73, Issue 9, November 2006, Pages 1178-1187. 18. Anderson, Timothy, Rolf Fare, Shawna Grosskopf, Lane Inman and Xiaoyu Song, Further examination of Moore's law with data envelopment analysis, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 69, Issue 5, June 2002, Pages 465-477. 19. Barley, S. R. , What Can We Learn from the History of Technology. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Volume 15, Issue 4, September 1998, Pages 237-255. 20. Bowonder, B. , T. Miyake, and B. Muralidharan, Predicting the future: Lessons from evolutionary theory, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 62, Issues 1-2, August-September 1999, Pages 51-62. 21. Guice, J. , Designing the Future: The Culture of New Trends in Science and Technology. Research Policy, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1999, Pages 81-98. 22. Phaal, R. , Farrukh, C. J. P. , and Probert, D. R. , Technology Roadmapping – A Planning Framework for Evolution and Revolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 71, Issues 1-2, January-February 2004, Pages 5-26. 23. Kayal, A. , Measuring the Pace of Technological Process: Implication for Technological Forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 60, Issue 3, March 1999, Pages 237-245. 24. T. U. Daim, G. Rueda, H. Martin, and P. Gerdsri, Forecasting Emerging Technologies: Use of Bibliometrics and Patent Analysis, Technology Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 73, Issue 8, October 2006, Pages 981-1012. 25. Watts, R. J. and A. L. Porter, Innovation Forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 56, Issue 1, September 1997, Pages 25-47. SCHEDULE Subjects to be CoveredAssignment/Readings 1/4 †¢Teams Formed 1/11 †¢Introduction to Technology Forecasting †¢Technology Planning †¢Case Study 1: Strategic Planning at United Parcel Service †¢Case Preparation and Presentations †¢Article Discussion Articles 1-5 1/18UNIVERSITY CLOSED 1/25 †¢Extrapolation by Regression – Guest Speaker: Jisun Kim †¢Project Proposal Presentations 2/1 †¢Delphi, Analogy, Scenarios, Environment Monitoring, Growth Curves †¢In Class Exercise: Cable TV Diffusion Article Discussion ?Articles 6-16 2/8 †¢Case Study 2: Forecasting the Adoption of a New Product †¢Case Preparation and Presentations †¢Project Progress Presentations 2/15 †¢Emerging Technology Forecasting Methods: TFDEA – Guest Speaker – Tim Anderson 2/22 ?Emerging Technology Forecasting Methods: Bibliometrics, Pa tent Searches, †¢Article Discussion? ?Articles 17-25 3/1 †¢Project Results Presentations 3/8 †¢Case Study 3: Illinois Superconductor Corp. : Forecasting Demand for Superconducting Filters †¢Case Preparation and Presentations 3/15 †¢Final Reports